Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
The ESA Science Technology Development Route
The technical maturity of instruments and spacecraft sub-systems with respect to a specific space application are classified according to a "Technology Readiness Level" (TRL) on a scale of 1 to 9. ESA uses the ISO standard 16290 Space systems – Definition of the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and their criteria assessment.
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ISO |
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| TRL | Level Description |
| 1 | Basic principles observed and reported |
| 2 | Technology concept and/or application formulated |
| 3 | Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of-concept |
| 4 | Component and/or breadboard functional verification in laboratory environment |
| 5 | Component and/or breadboard critical function verification in relevant environment |
| 6 | Model demonstrating the critical functions of the element in a relevant environment |
| 7 | Model demonstrating the element performance for the operational environment |
| 8 | Actual system completed and accepted for flight ("flight qualified") |
| 9 | Actual system "flight proven" through successful mission operations |
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| Technology Readiness Levels. Credit: ESA |
Last Update: 10 September 2020
